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  BBC 19 Sep 07
Firms sign up for carbon rating

Nine leading companies including Coca-Cola and Cadbury have signed up to a scheme to measure and reduce the carbon footprint of certain products.

They will measure the ecological impact of each product from the sourcing of raw materials through to disposal. Halifax, Muller and the makers of Andrex toilet tissue are also involved.

The firms will use a draft product standard which is being developed by the government, Carbon Trust and BSI British Standards.

Cadbury Schweppes will be calculating the embodied greenhouse gas emissions during the life cycle of a Dairy Milk bar, while Coca-Cola will consider the carbon footprint of both a sparkling and still drink from its product range. Kimberly-Clark intends to measure the environmental impact of Andrex Toilet Tissue and Huggies nappies.

Low carbon Britain

The remaining companies and their products are:
* Aggregate Industries - Hard landscaping products (paving stones etc)
* The Co-operative Group - 200g and 400g punnet strawberries
* Halifax - Halifax Web Saver account
* Marshalls - Hard landscaping products (paving stones etc)
* Muller Dairy (UK) Limited - One type of yoghurt Scottish & Newcastle - Fosters lager and Bulmers cider

Climate Change Minister Joan Ruddock said it was encouraging that so many top companies were "stepping up to the plate" on the issue of climate change.

"The take-up from business of the Carbon Trust's scheme shows that there's real appetite and willingness to firstly understand, and secondly to reduce the impact that their products have on our planet."

Tom Delay, chief executive of the government-funded Carbon Trust, said consumers were demanding more information on the climate change impact of products.

"The unprecedented level of interest we have had in this initiative makes me confident that by working with manufacturers and producers to reduce indirect carbon emissions, we can move the UK another step closer to a low carbon economy," he said.

'Complex task'

Alex Cole, Cadbury's corporate responsibility director, said the company had already been looking at its carbon footprint.

"Whether it's British cows producing fresh milk or Ghanaian farmers growing cocoa, there's a whole bunch of activities that go into making a bar of Cadbury Dairy Milk," he said. "This process is helping us understand where our greatest energy impacts are - so we can bring them down as part of our Purple Goes Green project to do our bit for climate change".

Paul Smith, from Coca-Cola Enterprises Europe, said understanding the overall footprint of individual products will be a "complex task" requiring a detailed analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions across its life cycle.

"We are delighted to work in partnership with the Carbon Trust to undertake this task and hope to be able to support the proposed methodology and identify cost effective opportunities to reduce emissions generated across our supply chain," he added.

Earlier this year, Carbon Trust launched the carbon reduction label with Walkers, Boots, and drinks makers Innocent. It states the emissions of their products and a commitment to reduce their product's emissions over a two year period.

BBC 19 Sep 07
What's the carbon footprint of a potato?
WHO, WHAT, WHY? The Magazine answers...

Walkers Crisps is the first firm to put carbon footprint figures on its products, with nine more companies set to follow.

How are these figures calculated?

On taking a food item off a supermarket shelf, consumers can instantly read in detail the impact it will have on the body. But what about the effect on the planet?

In April, Walkers Crisps began labelling its cheese and onion bags with a carbon footprint - how many grams of greenhouse gases were emitted in its production - and that has been rolled out to other flavours.

The calculations are done by the Carbon Trust, a private company set up by the government to reduce the UK's carbon footprint.

It spent several months working out that 75g of greenhouse gases are given off in the production of a 33.5g bag of Walkers crisps, taking into account the energy used in:

1. FARMING: Planting the seeds for sunflower oil and potatoes, the manufacture of fertilisers and pesticides, ongoing management of the growing process, the diesel used by the tractors to pick the potatoes, and storage of the potatoes in sheds and farms.

2. MANUFACTURE: Potatoes taken from fields to a factory in Leicester, where they are cleaned, chopped up, cooked and bagged.

3. PACKAGING: Sourcing the aluminium and plastic that goes into the packaging, then making and printing the packets.

4. DISTRIBUTION: Taking bags of crisps in lorries to retail stores.

5. DISPOSAL: From kerbside litter bin, into the back of a dustbin lorry and off to landfill.

Nine more companies, among them Coca-Cola and Cadbury, are committed to following Walkers when the methodology used by the Carbon Trust is approved next year.

Boots already reveals footprint figures on certain products at the point of sale, and Innocent Smoothies has the information on its website.

"Ultimately the aspiration is that everything you can buy will have a carbon measure with it - 75g is the first number out there and actually there's not much context for it," says Euan Murray of the Carbon Trust.

"But when we can start making comparisons across different products, then we can make choices as consumers."

And businesses can identify "hotspots" in the production process in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, energy use and costs, he says.

Tread lightly

The label comes with a two-year commitment to reduce the size of the carbon footprint. Although firms will be able to do their own calculations, their sums will be checked by the Carbon Trust.

Will consumers care enough to change shopping habits?

Yes, says Mr Murray, many are already starting to take an interest. Research last year suggested two-thirds of shoppers want to buy products with a low carbon footprint.

A Walkers spokeswoman says the company's own survey shows nearly 80% of consumers are aware of the labels with 20% dismissing it as "purely a gesture".

And the crisps manufacturer has promised to reduce water use per kilo by 5% year on year, and energy use by 3%.

But Chris Goodall, author of How to Live a Low-Carbon Lifestyle, thinks labelling should be broader, indicating whether the product is from a high-carbon industry like dairy or beef, or has clocked up the food miles from being transported long distances by air.

"These are the signals people need on the packets, not a number that is, frankly, pretty meaningless."
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