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  Yahoo News 31 Jan 07
Carbon offsets: Self-imposed tax for guilt-ridden polluters
by Emmanuel Angleys and Marlowe Hood

Yahoo News 31 Jan 07
Some cool to hot term, 'carbon neutral'
By John Leicester, Associated Press Writer

PARIS - It's a trend that counts Leonardo DiCaprio, London cabs and Al Gore among its followers: Making life "carbon neutral" through tree-planting and other environmentally friendly efforts to curb emissions of heat-trapping carbon dioxide.

The theme is a hot one as scientists in Paris this week prepare to issue a major report on global warming--but critics say the movement is counterproductive, even a scam.

The practicalities of "offsetting" carbon dioxide emitted when flying, driving cars, even getting married are increasingly simple.

A growing array of companies offer to calculate how much carbon dioxide such activities give off and how much money should be given to projects that, in theory at least, will reduce emissions by an equivalent amount somewhere else in the world. It can be done in minutes online, paid for by credit card.

Opponents say offsetting gives people the mistaken impression that they can keep on polluting or that such individual efforts can solve global warming, when much more fundamental change is needed.

They also warn that offsetting companies lack oversight and that the environment would be better served by people reducing their own pollution and demanding that governments end the use of carbon-producing fossils fuels.

The carbon neutral trend "tries to make money from tapping into consumers' guilt," said Jutta Kill of SinksWatch, an environmental group that monitors such projects.

"It's worse than doing nothing. ... Those who are in a role-model function like Al Gore do not do the movement for effective action on climate change a favor by promoting carbon offsets."

But green business can be good business, especially when a trend is so hot: The New Oxford American Dictionary declared "carbon neutral" its "word of the year for 2006," for inclusion in its 2007 edition.

The British firm Radio Taxis Group, which runs a fleet of 3,000 iconic black London cabs and other vehicles, declared itself the world's first "carbon neutral" taxi company in 2005. It said it would offset emissions by investing in renewable energy projects in Sri Lanka and Bulgaria and forests in Britain and Germany for a cost of about $195,000 a year.

Since then, the company says it has won new contracts worth $3.9 million from clients attracted by its green credentials. "The cabs still have an impact on the environment," said Michelle Nunan, head of marketing. But "it's the best that you can do at the moment as far as taxis are concerned."

Climat Mundi's online "CO2 calculator" works out that a round-trip Paris to London flight for one person in economy class produces 0.2 tons of carbon dioxide.

It says the best thing is to take the train, but if flying is unavoidable, the fledgling French company suggests contributing $5.30 to two projects it funds. One provides Eritrea with stoves that burn less wood. The other helps maintain a plant near Sydney, Australia, that captures methane--another greenhouse gas--from rotting trash at an adjacent landfill and burns it to power electricity-producing turbines.

Eric Parent, an engineer who quit a job in waste management to start Climat Mundi in June, says polluting without offsetting could become as frowned upon as littering.

"It remains socially very acceptable to vacation on the other side of the world or to travel for a weekend to another country in Europe on a low-cost airline," Parent said in a telephone interview. "Growing awareness of global warming and the fact that we, as individuals, can now compensate for our emissions--which wasn't the case four to five years ago ... will, in my opinion, make traveling without compensating far less acceptable."

For newlyweds, or their guests, it offers a $230 "Just Married" pack to compensate for the nine tons of carbon dioxide it calculates are given off by a wedding bash for 150 people and honeymoon trip--accounting for travel, heating or other eco-unfriendly activity.

The French government is funding Climat Mundi's Eritrean stove project to compensate for this week's meeting in Paris on climate change. Bringing together some 500 people from all over the world for the conference is expected to produce some 1,100 tons of carbon dioxide.

To compensate will require some 360 stoves, said Parent. They burn half as much wood and pollute less than traditional Eritrean stoves. Organizers of the 2006 World Cup in Germany said they would invest environmentally to offset the estimated 100,000 tons of carbon emissions caused mostly by car usage during the June 9-July 9 soccer extravaganza. Fans were also encouraged to take public transport and only recyclable drink cups were used in stadiums.

DiCaprio in the past has offset his carbon through organizations that plant trees and is "looking at various options" for 2007, according to Chuck Castleberry of the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation, which the "Titanic" star started in 1998 to promote environmental awareness. The actor switched recently to a Honda Accord hybrid car and has solar panels on his Los Angeles home.

Yahoo News 31 Jan 07
Carbon offsets: Self-imposed tax for guilt-ridden polluters
by Emmanuel Angleys and Marlowe Hood

PARIS (AFP) - Hunting for a present for a pair of environmentally-sensitive newlyweds? Try this: a "just married" voucher worth 180 euros (234 dollars)... in carbon offsets. Smaller than a toaster but more meaningful, this piece of paper will compensate for nine tonnes of perilous, climate-damaging carbon dioxide (CO2).

That is the amount of pollution that bride and groom are likely to generate by staging a wedding party with 150 guests and by taking a long-haul return flight for their honeymoon.

The voucher, launched by a French firm, Climat Mundi, is only one of a fast-growing array of products in the market for carbon offsets.

Put simply, carbon offsets are a form of self-imposed tax that more and more green-living people are contemplating, aware that their lifestyle inflicts an environmental cost that is simply not reflected in the price of fossil fuels.

Burning oil, gas and coal releases carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, which causes solar heat to build in the atmosphere. This greenhouse effect -- global warming -- is driving potentially catastrophic changes in Earth's climate system. Water stress, floods, shrinking snow cover, retreating glaciers and permafrost, more powerful hurricanes and typhoons: all these feature in the expected weather changes of the 21st century.

Carbon offsetting is a practice that dates back about a dozen years and includes among its advocates former US vice president Al Gore, maker of the Oscar-nominated global warming docufilm "An Inconvenient Truth."

It entails compensating for one's own unavoidable CO2 pollution by investing in projects elsewhere that reduce or eliminate those emissions. For instance, the French government, staging the January 29-February 1 meeting of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), calculated that the meeting would generate 1,150 tonnes in CO2 or its equivalent in other greenhouse gases, mainly from air transport. To help make this calculation, each of the 500 scientists attending the IPCC talks was asked to fill in a questionnaire, detailing his or her itinerary and the mode of travel.

To ensure that the meeting was "carbon neutral," France reduced 1,150 tonnes of CO2 elsewhere. It is financing high-yield cooking stoves in rural Eritrea, in the Horn of Africa. These stoves are heated by wood, the traditional fuel in Eritrea, but they are 50-percent more energy-efficient than previous models.

Corporations and individuals who want to ease carbon guilt -- or flourish green credentials -- can buy the offset through an intermediary. Some intermediaries deal with investments in foreign mega-projects, such as biogas initiatives in China aimed at weaning the world's most populous country from its dependence on coal.

Such schemes typically fall under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) or Joint Implementation initiative of the UN's Kyoto Protocol. Other schemes, though, are smaller, local and targeted at the individual.

For example, the CarbonNeutral Company in Britain calculates that driving a car with a petrol engine of between 1.4 and 2.0 litres for around 10,000 kilometers (6,000 miles) a year generates around two tonnes of CO2. With a purchase of just 14.80 pounds (29.6 dollars), the firm says, you could help plant trees in native forest in Britain that would soak up these emissions -- in effect, making your driving a zero-emissions activity.

The broadening range of offsets innovations is triggering debate about the quality of some schemes.

Earlier this month, the British government launched a consultation about standards and a code of practice as a safeguard against ripoffs or disappointment that could badly damage a promising activity.

"People need to be sure that the way they offset is actually making a difference," said Environment Secretary David Milliband.

Alister Scott, spokesman for the University of Sussex Energy Group, an independent group researching energy projects, said offsets were "well-intentioned" but variable in their effect.

The best schemes were those that built capacity, in other words, they generated further emissions reductions in their own right. "Simply taking a straight CO2 number and thinking that you are solving the problem is a bit naive," Scott told AFP. "It is not enough, you have to look at the question critically."
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