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  The Guardian 16 Mar 05
UN urged to save glaciers and reefs
Emergency meeting debates protection of natural wonders
David Adam, environment correspondent

The Guardian: United Nations experts will today hold an emergency meeting aimed at protecting some of the world's natural wonders from the escalating threat of climate change.

Melting glaciers on Mount Everest and damage to the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia have prompted calls for the UN to officially acknowledge that global warming poses a danger to some of its world heritage sites. A move to add these and other sites to the endangered list are to be discussed at a special summit meeting in Paris.

Thirty-four of the world's 812 natural and cultural features listed as world heritage sites by Unesco are on the danger list, threatened by war, neglect, or development. Adding sites at risk from rising temperatures would send a powerful political signal about the impact of climate change, and increase pressure on UN members to take action to cut emissions of greenhouse gases.

The US administration, which is opposed to such action, has tried to block any move at today's meeting to invoke climate change as a reason to add sites to the endangered list. The meeting follows petitions to the UN from environmental campaigners to class five sites as endangered: Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal, which includes Everest, the Peruvian Andes, the Waterton International Peace Park in the US and Canada, the Great Barrier Reef and the Belize Barrier Reef.

Prakash Sharma, director of Friends of the Earth, Nepal, who led the Everest petition, said: "This meeting is very important for the people of Nepal, as well as for all the people of the world. We are watching Unesco to see how it fulfils its responsibility to transmit world heritage sites under threat from climate change to future generations."

Studies show snow and ice cover in the eastern Himalayas has shrunk by about 30% since the 1970s. Melting glaciers have created lakes in the mountains, which could burst and cause widespread flooding. Sir Edmund Hillary, the first man to climb Everest, with Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, has supported the move to add the mountain to the danger list, which would compel the UN to monitor the situation more carefully and take action to drain the glacial lakes.

Candy Gonzalez, of the Belize Institute of Environmental Law and Policy, said rising sea temperatures would damage coral reefs across the world: "The Belize Barrier Reef is fragile and needs special care. Losing the wonder and the beauty of the reef for future generations because of short-term gain and greed would be too painful to bear."

Plant cells within coral struggle to cope with warmer water and parts of the Great Barrier Reef have already died, draining it of its vibrant colours. Experts have warned the entire reef could perish within a few decades, with most others dying off by the end of the century.

The other two sites under discussion are threatened by melting glaciers. Glacier National Park, the US side of the world heritage site, once had 150 glaciers; only 27 remain. The US Environmental Protection Agency says the biggest are now a third of the size they were in 1850, and continued warming could melt them completely by 2030.

In a briefing note prepared for the Paris meeting, Unesco says: "There is little doubt climate change will impact on the natural values and integrity of world heritage sites, thus affecting their outstanding universal value and, potentially, their listing as a natural world heritage property. If a site was inscribed for its glaciers, and the glaciers melt, is it 'no glaciers - no world heritage site?'"

The two-day Paris summit was agreed at Unesco's meeting in Durban, South Africa, last year. It will not make a decision, but will recommend action to be considered by the UN's world heritage committee in July.

Listing the five petitioned sites as endangered could pave the way for dozens more, including Venice and the Tower of London, which could be affected by rising sea levels.

The US, which joined the committee last year, said in a position paper: "There is no compelling argument for the committee to address the issue of global climate change, especially at the risk of losing the unified spirit and camaraderie that has become synonymous with world heritage."

It added: "There is not unanimity regarding the impacts, causes, and how or if, man can affect the changes we are observing." Peter Roderick, co-director of Climate Justice, said: "Opposing the international consensus on climate change is standard practice from the current US government, but I am surprised they are trying to undermine the previous committee's decision so soon after becoming a member."
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